Kubernetes Postgresql Replicas with nfs

Postgres Standby

postgres standby pv yaml (postgres-standby-pv.yaml)

apiVersion: v1
kind: PersistentVolume
metadata:
  name: nfs-standby
  namespace: default
  labels:
    type: nfs
spec:
  capacity:
    storage: 1Gi
  accessModes:
  - ReadWriteMany
  nfs:
    server: 192.168.0.2
    path: /mnt/postgres_standby
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: PersistentVolumeClaim
metadata:
  name: nfs-standby
spec:
  storageClassName: ""
  accessModes:
  - ReadWriteMany
  resources:
    requests:
      storage: 1Gi
  selector:
    matchExpressions:
    - key: type
      operator: In
      values:
      - nfs

설정파일 이동용 postgres standby config yaml (postgres-standby-config-file.yaml)


apiVersion: v1
kind: ConfigMap
metadata:
  name: db-postgres-standby-conf-files-config
data:
  recovery.conf: |
    # -------------------------------
    # PostgreSQL recovery config file
    # -------------------------------
    #
    # Edit this file to provide the parameters that PostgreSQL needs to
    # perform an archive recovery of a database, or to act as a log-streaming
    # replication standby.
    #
    # If "recovery.conf" is present in the PostgreSQL data directory, it is
    # read on postmaster startup.  After successful recovery, it is renamed
    # to "recovery.done" to ensure that we do not accidentally re-enter
    # archive recovery or standby mode.
    #
    # This file consists of lines of the form:
    #
    #   name = 'value'
    #
    # (The quotes around the value are NOT optional, but the "=" is.)
    #
    # Comments are introduced with '#'.
    #
    # The complete list of option names and allowed values can be found
    # in the PostgreSQL documentation.
    #
    #---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    # ARCHIVE RECOVERY PARAMETERS
    #---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    #
    # restore_command
    #
    # specifies the shell command that is executed to copy log files
    # back from archival storage.  The command string may contain %f,
    # which is replaced by the name of the desired log file, and %p,
    # which is replaced by the absolute path to copy the log file to.
    #
    # This parameter is *required* for an archive recovery, but optional
    # for streaming replication.
    #
    # It is important that the command return nonzero exit status on failure.
    # The command *will* be asked for log files that are not present in the
    # archive; it must return nonzero when so asked.
    #
    # NOTE that the basename of %p will be different from %f; do not
    # expect them to be interchangeable.
    #
    #restore_command = ''		# e.g. 'cp /mnt/server/archivedir/%f %p'
    #
    #
    # archive_cleanup_command
    #
    # specifies an optional shell command to execute at every restartpoint.
    # This can be useful for cleaning up the archive of a standby server.
    #
    #archive_cleanup_command = ''
    #
    # recovery_end_command
    #
    # specifies an optional shell command to execute at completion of recovery.
    # This can be useful for cleaning up after the restore_command.
    #
    #recovery_end_command = ''
    #
    #---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    # RECOVERY TARGET PARAMETERS
    #---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    #
    # By default, recovery will rollforward to the end of the WAL log.
    # If you want to stop rollforward at a specific point, you
    # must set a recovery target.
    #
    # You may set a recovery target either by transactionId, or
    # by timestamp. Recovery may either include or exclude the
    # transaction(s) with the recovery target value (ie, stop either
    # just after or just before the given target, respectively).
    #
    #recovery_target_time = ''	# e.g. '2004-07-14 22:39:00 EST'
    #
    #recovery_target_xid = ''
    #
    #recovery_target_inclusive = 'true'
    #
    #
    # If you want to recover into a timeline other than the "main line" shown in
    # pg_control, specify the timeline number here, or write 'latest' to get
    # the latest branch for which there's a history file.
    #
    #recovery_target_timeline = 'latest'
    #
    #---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    # STANDBY SERVER PARAMETERS
    #---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    #
    # When standby_mode is enabled, the PostgreSQL server will work as
    # a standby. It tries to connect to the primary according to the
    # connection settings primary_conninfo, and receives XLOG records
    # continuously.
    #
    standby_mode = 'on'
    #
    primary_conninfo = 'host=db-postgres port=5432 user=repuser password='비밀번호로변경'		# e.g. 'host=localhost port=5432'
    #
    #
    # By default, a standby server keeps streaming XLOG records from the
    # primary indefinitely. If you want to stop streaming and finish recovery,
    # opening up the system in read/write mode, specify path to a trigger file.
    # Server will poll the trigger file path periodically and stop streaming
    # when it's found.
    #
    trigger_file = '/var/lib/postgresql/data/back'
    #
    #---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    # HOT STANDBY PARAMETERS
    #---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    #
    # Hot Standby related parameters are listed in postgresql.conf
    #
    #---------------------------------------------------------------------------
  postgresql.conf: |
    # -----------------------------
    # PostgreSQL configuration file
    # -----------------------------
    #
    # This file consists of lines of the form:
    #
    #   name = value
    #
    # (The "=" is optional.)  Whitespace may be used.  Comments are introduced with
    # "#" anywhere on a line.  The complete list of parameter names and allowed
    # values can be found in the PostgreSQL documentation.
    #
    # The commented-out settings shown in this file represent the default values.
    # Re-commenting a setting is NOT sufficient to revert it to the default value;
    # you need to reload the server.
    #
    # This file is read on server startup and when the server receives a SIGHUP
    # signal.  If you edit the file on a running system, you have to SIGHUP the
    # server for the changes to take effect, run "pg_ctl reload", or execute
    # "SELECT pg_reload_conf()".  Some parameters, which are marked below,
    # require a server shutdown and restart to take effect.
    #
    # Any parameter can also be given as a command-line option to the server, e.g.,
    # "postgres -c log_connections=on".  Some parameters can be changed at run time
    # with the "SET" SQL command.
    #
    # Memory units:  kB = kilobytes        Time units:  ms  = milliseconds
    #                MB = megabytes                     s   = seconds
    #                GB = gigabytes                     min = minutes
    #                TB = terabytes                     h   = hours
    #                                                   d   = days


    #------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    # FILE LOCATIONS
    #------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    # The default values of these variables are driven from the -D command-line
    # option or PGDATA environment variable, represented here as ConfigDir.

    #data_directory = 'ConfigDir'		# use data in another directory
              # (change requires restart)
    #hba_file = 'ConfigDir/pg_hba.conf'	# host-based authentication file
              # (change requires restart)
    #ident_file = 'ConfigDir/pg_ident.conf'	# ident configuration file
              # (change requires restart)

    # If external_pid_file is not explicitly set, no extra PID file is written.
    #external_pid_file = ''			# write an extra PID file
              # (change requires restart)


    #------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    # CONNECTIONS AND AUTHENTICATION
    #------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    # - Connection Settings -

    listen_addresses = '*'
              # comma-separated list of addresses;
              # defaults to 'localhost'; use '*' for all
              # (change requires restart)
    #port = 5432				# (change requires restart)
    max_connections = 100			# (change requires restart)
    #superuser_reserved_connections = 3	# (change requires restart)
    #unix_socket_directories = '/var/run/postgresql'	# comma-separated list of directories
              # (change requires restart)
    #unix_socket_group = ''			# (change requires restart)
    #unix_socket_permissions = 0777		# begin with 0 to use octal notation
              # (change requires restart)
    #bonjour = off				# advertise server via Bonjour
              # (change requires restart)
    #bonjour_name = ''			# defaults to the computer name
              # (change requires restart)

    # - Security and Authentication -

    #authentication_timeout = 1min		# 1s-600s
    #ssl = off
    #ssl_ciphers = 'HIGH:MEDIUM:+3DES:!aNULL' # allowed SSL ciphers
    #ssl_prefer_server_ciphers = on
    #ssl_ecdh_curve = 'prime256v1'
    #ssl_dh_params_file = ''
    #ssl_cert_file = 'server.crt'
    #ssl_key_file = 'server.key'
    #ssl_ca_file = ''
    #ssl_crl_file = ''
    #password_encryption = md5		# md5 or scram-sha-256
    #db_user_namespace = off
    #row_security = on

    # GSSAPI using Kerberos
    #krb_server_keyfile = ''
    #krb_caseins_users = off

    # - TCP Keepalives -
    # see "man 7 tcp" for details

    #tcp_keepalives_idle = 0		# TCP_KEEPIDLE, in seconds;
              # 0 selects the system default
    #tcp_keepalives_interval = 0		# TCP_KEEPINTVL, in seconds;
              # 0 selects the system default
    #tcp_keepalives_count = 0		# TCP_KEEPCNT;
              # 0 selects the system default


    #------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    # RESOURCE USAGE (except WAL)
    #------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    # - Memory -

    shared_buffers = 128MB			# min 128kB
              # (change requires restart)
    #huge_pages = try			# on, off, or try
              # (change requires restart)
    #temp_buffers = 8MB			# min 800kB
    #max_prepared_transactions = 0		# zero disables the feature
              # (change requires restart)
    # Caution: it is not advisable to set max_prepared_transactions nonzero unless
    # you actively intend to use prepared transactions.
    #work_mem = 4MB				# min 64kB
    #maintenance_work_mem = 64MB		# min 1MB
    #replacement_sort_tuples = 150000	# limits use of replacement selection sort
    #autovacuum_work_mem = -1		# min 1MB, or -1 to use maintenance_work_mem
    #max_stack_depth = 2MB			# min 100kB
    dynamic_shared_memory_type = posix	# the default is the first option
              # supported by the operating system:
              #   posix
              #   sysv
              #   windows
              #   mmap
              # use none to disable dynamic shared memory
              # (change requires restart)

    # - Disk -

    #temp_file_limit = -1			# limits per-process temp file space
              # in kB, or -1 for no limit

    # - Kernel Resource Usage -

    #max_files_per_process = 1000		# min 25
              # (change requires restart)
    #shared_preload_libraries = ''		# (change requires restart)

    # - Cost-Based Vacuum Delay -

    #vacuum_cost_delay = 0			# 0-100 milliseconds
    #vacuum_cost_page_hit = 1		# 0-10000 credits
    #vacuum_cost_page_miss = 10		# 0-10000 credits
    #vacuum_cost_page_dirty = 20		# 0-10000 credits
    #vacuum_cost_limit = 200		# 1-10000 credits

    # - Background Writer -

    #bgwriter_delay = 200ms			# 10-10000ms between rounds
    #bgwriter_lru_maxpages = 100		# 0-1000 max buffers written/round
    #bgwriter_lru_multiplier = 2.0		# 0-10.0 multiplier on buffers scanned/round
    #bgwriter_flush_after = 512kB		# measured in pages, 0 disables

    # - Asynchronous Behavior -

    #effective_io_concurrency = 1		# 1-1000; 0 disables prefetching
    #max_worker_processes = 8		# (change requires restart)
    #max_parallel_workers_per_gather = 2	# taken from max_parallel_workers
    #max_parallel_workers = 8		# maximum number of max_worker_processes that
              # can be used in parallel queries
    #old_snapshot_threshold = -1		# 1min-60d; -1 disables; 0 is immediate
              # (change requires restart)
    #backend_flush_after = 0		# measured in pages, 0 disables


    #------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    # WRITE AHEAD LOG
    #------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    # - Settings -

    wal_level = replica			# minimal, replica, or logical
              # (change requires restart)
    #fsync = on				# flush data to disk for crash safety
              # (turning this off can cause
              # unrecoverable data corruption)
    synchronous_commit = off		# synchronization level;
              # off, local, remote_write, remote_apply, or on
    #wal_sync_method = fsync		# the default is the first option
              # supported by the operating system:
              #   open_datasync
              #   fdatasync (default on Linux and FreeBSD)
              #   fsync
              #   fsync_writethrough
              #   open_sync
    #full_page_writes = on			# recover from partial page writes
    #wal_compression = off			# enable compression of full-page writes
    #wal_log_hints = off			# also do full page writes of non-critical updates
              # (change requires restart)
    #wal_buffers = -1			# min 32kB, -1 sets based on shared_buffers
              # (change requires restart)
    #wal_writer_delay = 200ms		# 1-10000 milliseconds
    #wal_writer_flush_after = 1MB		# measured in pages, 0 disables

    #commit_delay = 0			# range 0-100000, in microseconds
    #commit_siblings = 5			# range 1-1000

    # - Checkpoints -

    #checkpoint_timeout = 5min		# range 30s-1d
    #max_wal_size = 1GB
    #min_wal_size = 80MB
    #checkpoint_completion_target = 0.5	# checkpoint target duration, 0.0 - 1.0
    #checkpoint_flush_after = 256kB		# measured in pages, 0 disables
    #checkpoint_warning = 30s		# 0 disables

    # - Archiving -

    #archive_mode = off		# enables archiving; off, on, or always
            # (change requires restart)
    #archive_command = ''		# command to use to archive a logfile segment
            # placeholders: %p = path of file to archive
            #               %f = file name only
            # e.g. 'test ! -f /mnt/server/archivedir/%f && cp %p /mnt/server/archivedir/%f'
    #archive_timeout = 0		# force a logfile segment switch after this
            # number of seconds; 0 disables


    #------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    # REPLICATION
    #------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    # - Sending Server(s) -

    # Set these on the master and on any standby that will send replication data.

    max_wal_senders = 2		# max number of walsender processes
            # (change requires restart)
    #wal_keep_segments = 0		# in logfile segments, 16MB each; 0 disables
    #wal_sender_timeout = 60s	# in milliseconds; 0 disables

    max_replication_slots = 2	# max number of replication slots
            # (change requires restart)
    #track_commit_timestamp = off	# collect timestamp of transaction commit
            # (change requires restart)

    # - Master Server -

    # These settings are ignored on a standby server.
    application_name='r1'
    #synchronous_standby_names = ''	# standby servers that provide sync rep
            # method to choose sync standbys, number of sync standbys,
            # and comma-separated list of application_name
            # from standby(s); '*' = all
    #vacuum_defer_cleanup_age = 0	# number of xacts by which cleanup is delayed

    # - Standby Servers -

    # These settings are ignored on a master server.

    hot_standby = on			# "off" disallows queries during recovery
              # (change requires restart)
    #max_standby_archive_delay = 30s	# max delay before canceling queries
              # when reading WAL from archive;
              # -1 allows indefinite delay
    #max_standby_streaming_delay = 30s	# max delay before canceling queries
              # when reading streaming WAL;
              # -1 allows indefinite delay
    #wal_receiver_status_interval = 10s	# send replies at least this often
              # 0 disables
    #hot_standby_feedback = off		# send info from standby to prevent
              # query conflicts
    #wal_receiver_timeout = 60s		# time that receiver waits for
              # communication from master
              # in milliseconds; 0 disables
    #wal_retrieve_retry_interval = 5s	# time to wait before retrying to
              # retrieve WAL after a failed attempt

    # - Subscribers -

    # These settings are ignored on a publisher.

    #max_logical_replication_workers = 4	# taken from max_worker_processes
              # (change requires restart)
    #max_sync_workers_per_subscription = 2	# taken from max_logical_replication_workers


    #------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    # QUERY TUNING
    #------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    # - Planner Method Configuration -

    #enable_bitmapscan = on
    #enable_hashagg = on
    #enable_hashjoin = on
    #enable_indexscan = on
    #enable_indexonlyscan = on
    #enable_material = on
    #enable_mergejoin = on
    #enable_nestloop = on
    #enable_seqscan = on
    #enable_sort = on
    #enable_tidscan = on

    # - Planner Cost Constants -

    #seq_page_cost = 1.0			# measured on an arbitrary scale
    #random_page_cost = 4.0			# same scale as above
    #cpu_tuple_cost = 0.01			# same scale as above
    #cpu_index_tuple_cost = 0.005		# same scale as above
    #cpu_operator_cost = 0.0025		# same scale as above
    #parallel_tuple_cost = 0.1		# same scale as above
    #parallel_setup_cost = 1000.0	# same scale as above
    #min_parallel_table_scan_size = 8MB
    #min_parallel_index_scan_size = 512kB
    #effective_cache_size = 4GB

    # - Genetic Query Optimizer -

    #geqo = on
    #geqo_threshold = 12
    #geqo_effort = 5			# range 1-10
    #geqo_pool_size = 0			# selects default based on effort
    #geqo_generations = 0			# selects default based on effort
    #geqo_selection_bias = 2.0		# range 1.5-2.0
    #geqo_seed = 0.0			# range 0.0-1.0

    # - Other Planner Options -

    #default_statistics_target = 100	# range 1-10000
    #constraint_exclusion = partition	# on, off, or partition
    #cursor_tuple_fraction = 0.1		# range 0.0-1.0
    #from_collapse_limit = 8
    #join_collapse_limit = 8		# 1 disables collapsing of explicit
              # JOIN clauses
    #force_parallel_mode = off


    #------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    # ERROR REPORTING AND LOGGING
    #------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    # - Where to Log -

    #log_destination = 'stderr'		# Valid values are combinations of
              # stderr, csvlog, syslog, and eventlog,
              # depending on platform.  csvlog
              # requires logging_collector to be on.

    # This is used when logging to stderr:
    #logging_collector = off		# Enable capturing of stderr and csvlog
              # into log files. Required to be on for
              # csvlogs.
              # (change requires restart)

    # These are only used if logging_collector is on:
    #log_directory = 'log'			# directory where log files are written,
              # can be absolute or relative to PGDATA
    #log_filename = 'postgresql-%Y-%m-%d_%H%M%S.log'	# log file name pattern,
              # can include strftime() escapes
    #log_file_mode = 0600			# creation mode for log files,
              # begin with 0 to use octal notation
    #log_truncate_on_rotation = off		# If on, an existing log file with the
              # same name as the new log file will be
              # truncated rather than appended to.
              # But such truncation only occurs on
              # time-driven rotation, not on restarts
              # or size-driven rotation.  Default is
              # off, meaning append to existing files
              # in all cases.
    #log_rotation_age = 1d			# Automatic rotation of logfiles will
              # happen after that time.  0 disables.
    #log_rotation_size = 10MB		# Automatic rotation of logfiles will
              # happen after that much log output.
              # 0 disables.

    # These are relevant when logging to syslog:
    #syslog_facility = 'LOCAL0'
    #syslog_ident = 'postgres'
    #syslog_sequence_numbers = on
    #syslog_split_messages = on

    # This is only relevant when logging to eventlog (win32):
    # (change requires restart)
    #event_source = 'PostgreSQL'

    # - When to Log -

    #log_min_messages = warning		# values in order of decreasing detail:
              #   debug5
              #   debug4
              #   debug3
              #   debug2
              #   debug1
              #   info
              #   notice
              #   warning
              #   error
              #   log
              #   fatal
              #   panic

    #log_min_error_statement = error	# values in order of decreasing detail:
              #   debug5
              #   debug4
              #   debug3
              #   debug2
              #   debug1
              #   info
              #   notice
              #   warning
              #   error
              #   log
              #   fatal
              #   panic (effectively off)

    #log_min_duration_statement = -1	# -1 is disabled, 0 logs all statements
              # and their durations, > 0 logs only
              # statements running at least this number
              # of milliseconds


    # - What to Log -

    #debug_print_parse = off
    #debug_print_rewritten = off
    #debug_print_plan = off
    #debug_pretty_print = on
    #log_checkpoints = off
    #log_connections = off
    #log_disconnections = off
    #log_duration = off
    #log_error_verbosity = default		# terse, default, or verbose messages
    #log_hostname = off
    #log_line_prefix = '%m [%p] '		# special values:
              #   %a = application name
              #   %u = user name
              #   %d = database name
              #   %r = remote host and port
              #   %h = remote host
              #   %p = process ID
              #   %t = timestamp without milliseconds
              #   %m = timestamp with milliseconds
              #   %n = timestamp with milliseconds (as a Unix epoch)
              #   %i = command tag
              #   %e = SQL state
              #   %c = session ID
              #   %l = session line number
              #   %s = session start timestamp
              #   %v = virtual transaction ID
              #   %x = transaction ID (0 if none)
              #   %q = stop here in non-session
              #        processes
              #   %% = '%'
              # e.g. '<%u%%%d> '
    #log_lock_waits = off			# log lock waits >= deadlock_timeout
    #log_statement = 'none'			# none, ddl, mod, all
    #log_replication_commands = off
    #log_temp_files = -1			# log temporary files equal or larger
              # than the specified size in kilobytes;
              # -1 disables, 0 logs all temp files
    log_timezone = 'Etc/UTC'


    # - Process Title -

    #cluster_name = ''			# added to process titles if nonempty
              # (change requires restart)
    #update_process_title = on


    #------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    # RUNTIME STATISTICS
    #------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    # - Query/Index Statistics Collector -

    #track_activities = on
    #track_counts = on
    #track_io_timing = off
    #track_functions = none			# none, pl, all
    #track_activity_query_size = 1024	# (change requires restart)
    #stats_temp_directory = 'pg_stat_tmp'


    # - Statistics Monitoring -

    #log_parser_stats = off
    #log_planner_stats = off
    #log_executor_stats = off
    #log_statement_stats = off


    #------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    # AUTOVACUUM PARAMETERS
    #------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    #autovacuum = on			# Enable autovacuum subprocess?  'on'
              # requires track_counts to also be on.
    #log_autovacuum_min_duration = -1	# -1 disables, 0 logs all actions and
              # their durations, > 0 logs only
              # actions running at least this number
              # of milliseconds.
    #autovacuum_max_workers = 3		# max number of autovacuum subprocesses
              # (change requires restart)
    #autovacuum_naptime = 1min		# time between autovacuum runs
    #autovacuum_vacuum_threshold = 50	# min number of row updates before
              # vacuum
    #autovacuum_analyze_threshold = 50	# min number of row updates before
              # analyze
    #autovacuum_vacuum_scale_factor = 0.2	# fraction of table size before vacuum
    #autovacuum_analyze_scale_factor = 0.1	# fraction of table size before analyze
    #autovacuum_freeze_max_age = 200000000	# maximum XID age before forced vacuum
              # (change requires restart)
    #autovacuum_multixact_freeze_max_age = 400000000	# maximum multixact age
              # before forced vacuum
              # (change requires restart)
    #autovacuum_vacuum_cost_delay = 20ms	# default vacuum cost delay for
              # autovacuum, in milliseconds;
              # -1 means use vacuum_cost_delay
    #autovacuum_vacuum_cost_limit = -1	# default vacuum cost limit for
              # autovacuum, -1 means use
              # vacuum_cost_limit


    #------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    # CLIENT CONNECTION DEFAULTS
    #------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    # - Statement Behavior -

    #client_min_messages = notice		# values in order of decreasing detail:
              #   debug5
              #   debug4
              #   debug3
              #   debug2
              #   debug1
              #   log
              #   notice
              #   warning
              #   error
    #search_path = '"$user", public'	# schema names
    #default_tablespace = ''		# a tablespace name, '' uses the default
    #temp_tablespaces = ''			# a list of tablespace names, '' uses
              # only default tablespace
    #check_function_bodies = on
    #default_transaction_isolation = 'read committed'
    #default_transaction_read_only = off
    #default_transaction_deferrable = off
    #session_replication_role = 'origin'
    #statement_timeout = 0			# in milliseconds, 0 is disabled
    #lock_timeout = 0			# in milliseconds, 0 is disabled
    #idle_in_transaction_session_timeout = 0	# in milliseconds, 0 is disabled
    #vacuum_freeze_min_age = 50000000
    #vacuum_freeze_table_age = 150000000
    #vacuum_multixact_freeze_min_age = 5000000
    #vacuum_multixact_freeze_table_age = 150000000
    #bytea_output = 'hex'			# hex, escape
    #xmlbinary = 'base64'
    #xmloption = 'content'
    #gin_fuzzy_search_limit = 0
    #gin_pending_list_limit = 4MB

    # - Locale and Formatting -

    datestyle = 'iso, mdy'
    #intervalstyle = 'postgres'
    timezone = 'Etc/UTC'
    #timezone_abbreviations = 'Default'     # Select the set of available time zone
              # abbreviations.  Currently, there are
              #   Default
              #   Australia (historical usage)
              #   India
              # You can create your own file in
              # share/timezonesets/.
    #extra_float_digits = 0			# min -15, max 3
    #client_encoding = sql_ascii		# actually, defaults to database
              # encoding

    # These settings are initialized by initdb, but they can be changed.
    lc_messages = 'en_US.utf8'			# locale for system error message
              # strings
    lc_monetary = 'en_US.utf8'			# locale for monetary formatting
    lc_numeric = 'en_US.utf8'			# locale for number formatting
    lc_time = 'en_US.utf8'				# locale for time formatting

    # default configuration for text search
    default_text_search_config = 'pg_catalog.english'

    # - Other Defaults -

    #dynamic_library_path = '$libdir'
    #extension_destdir = ''			# prepend path when loading extensions
              # and shared objects (added by Debian)
    #local_preload_libraries = ''
    #session_preload_libraries = ''


    #------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    # LOCK MANAGEMENT
    #------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    #deadlock_timeout = 1s
    #max_locks_per_transaction = 64		# min 10
              # (change requires restart)
    #max_pred_locks_per_transaction = 64	# min 10
              # (change requires restart)
    #max_pred_locks_per_relation = -2	# negative values mean
              # (max_pred_locks_per_transaction
              #  / -max_pred_locks_per_relation) - 1
    #max_pred_locks_per_page = 2            # min 0


    #------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    # VERSION/PLATFORM COMPATIBILITY
    #------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    # - Previous PostgreSQL Versions -

    #array_nulls = on
    #backslash_quote = safe_encoding	# on, off, or safe_encoding
    #default_with_oids = off
    #escape_string_warning = on
    #lo_compat_privileges = off
    #operator_precedence_warning = off
    #quote_all_identifiers = off
    #standard_conforming_strings = on
    #synchronize_seqscans = on

    # - Other Platforms and Clients -

    #transform_null_equals = off


    #------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    # ERROR HANDLING
    #------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    #exit_on_error = off			# terminate session on any error?
    #restart_after_crash = on		# reinitialize after backend crash?
    #data_sync_retry = off			# retry or panic on failure to fsync
              # data?
              # (change requires restart)


    #------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    # CONFIG FILE INCLUDES
    #------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    # These options allow settings to be loaded from files other than the
    # default postgresql.conf.  Note that these are directives, not variable
    # assignments, so they can usefully be given more than once.

    #include_dir = '...'			# include files ending in '.conf' from
              # a directory, e.g., 'conf.d'
    #include_if_exists = '...'		# include file only if it exists
    #include = '...'			# include file


    #------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    # CUSTOMIZED OPTIONS
    #------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    # Add settings for extensions here

postgres standby deploy yaml(postgres-standby-deploy.yaml)

apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: db-postgres-standby
spec:
  replicas: 1
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: db-postgres-standby
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        type: db-postgres-standby
        app: db-postgres-standby
    spec:
      containers:
      - image: busybox:1.28
        imagePullPolicy: Always
        name: db-postgres-standby
      volumes:
      - name: db-postgres-standby-mnt
        persistentVolumeClaim:
          claimName: nfs-standby
      - name: db-postgres-standby-config-mnt
        configMap:
          name: db-postgres-standby-conf-files-config
      initContainers:
      - name: init-db-postgres-standby
        image: postgres:10
        command: ['sh', '-c', 'PGPASSWORD="비밀번호로 변경" pg_basebackup -h db-postgres.default.svc.cluster.local -D /var/lib/postgresql/data -U repuser -vP ']
        volumeMounts:
        - name: db-postgres-standby-mnt
          mountPath: /var/lib/postgresql/data
          subPath: data

postgres standby deploy 2 yaml (postgres-standby-deploy2.yaml)

apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: db-postgres-standby
spec:
  replicas: 1
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: db-postgres-standby
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        type: db-postgres-standby
        app: db-postgres-standby
    spec:
      containers:
      - image: postgres:10
        imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
        name: db-postgres-standby
        ports:
        - containerPort: 5432
        envFrom:
        - configMapRef:
            name: db-postgres-config
        volumeMounts:
        - name: db-postgres-standby-mnt
          mountPath: /var/lib/postgresql/data
          subPath: data
      volumes:
      - name: db-postgres-standby-mnt
        persistentVolumeClaim:
          claimName: nfs-standby
      - name: db-postgres-standby-config-mnt
        configMap:
          name: db-postgres-standby-conf-files-config
      initContainers:
      - name: init-db-postgres-standby
        image: timescale/timescaledb:latest-pg10
        command: ['sh', '-c', 'cp /var/lib/postgresql/data/postgresql.main.conf /var/lib/postgresql/data/postgresql.conf && cp /var/lib/postgresql/data/recovery.main.conf /var/lib/postgresql/data/recovery.conf && chmod 600 /var/lib/postgresql/data/postgresql.conf && chmod 600 /var/lib/postgresql/data/recovery.conf']
        volumeMounts:
        - name: db-postgres-standby-mnt
          mountPath: /var/lib/postgresql/data
          subPath: data
        - name: db-postgres-standby-config-mnt
          mountPath: /var/lib/postgresql/data/postgresql.main.conf
          subPath: postgresql.conf
        - name: db-postgres-standby-config-mnt
          mountPath: /var/lib/postgresql/data/recovery.main.conf
          subPath: recovery.conf

Postgres Standby 실행

primary와 마찬가지로 postgres-standby-deploy.yaml 실행 후 Running 상태 확인 후 postgres-standby-deploy2.yaml 실행

kubectl apply -n 네임스페이스명 -f postgres-standby-pv.yaml
kubectl apply -n 네임스페이스명 -f postgres-standby-config-file.yaml
kubectl apply -n 네임스페이스명 -f postgres-standby-deploy.yaml
kubectl apply -n 네임스페이스명 -f postgres-standby-deploy2.yaml

Reference: https://integralzone.com/kubernetes-configure-postgresql-streaming-replication/

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